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Texas Revolution African American Texas marker display historical marker Historical Site sign attraction education information landmark Place of Interest Tourist Destination Travel Destination Battle of San Jacinto Ben Miliam Hendrick Arnold historic marker historic site Sam Houston Siege of Bexar signage Travis County William E. Goyens attractive destination educating info tourist attraction United States history no people text African ethnicity appealing tourism travel United States of America historic nobody word attract black daytime displays historical markers markers signs South color image historical landmarks outdoor vertical appeal day educate Jason O. Watson / historical-markers.org historic markers historic sites minority African Americans colour image destinations outside tourist attractions day time ethnicity TX day-time race US words blacks color images daylight outdoors USA verticals minorities colour images natural light outsides U.S. ethnicities U.S.A. sign with text |
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AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE TEXAS REVOLUTION
Many African Americans, free and slave, supported Texas during its 1835-36 War of Independence from Mexico. Although official recognition of the African American role was generally denied, recorded accounts of individual acts of bravery and patriotism survived. Hendrick Arnold distinguished himself as a guide and soldier for Ben Milam's Texas army at the Siege of Bexar and later at the Battle of San Jacinto. William E. (Bill) Goyens, a prominent African American businessman of Nacogdoches, served as an interpreter and liaison for Sam Houston during treaty negotiations with the Cherokee Indians at the outset of the war. Samuel McCullough, Jr., a freeman, was severely wounded in the Goliad campaign in late 1835 and later recognized by the Texas Congress as among the first to shed blood in the Texas War for Independence. Joe Travis was among the few defenders of the Alamo to survive the devastating siege by Mexican general Santa Anna in 1836. Travis later carried news of the battle to General Sam Houston. African Americans are counted among the Texas army massacred at Goliad, among those who contributed money and transported supplies for the Texas army, and among those who died defending the Alamo. (1994) |